1. DNS ( Domain Name System )
a. Pengertia DNS Server
Apa itu DNS ( Domain Name System ) yang berfungsi sebagai translasi dari suatu alamat domain menjadi sebuah alamat ip dan begitu juga sebaliknya.
b. Instalasi DNS server
Misalkan akan membuat sebuah nama domain nahri.net.id dengan alamat IP 192.168.100.1 untuk membangun dns itu sendiri kita akan menggunakan sebuah software yaitu bind9, berikut perintahnya :
root@debian:~# apt install bind9
b. Konfigurasi DNS Server
Jika sudah menginstal bind9 lalu kita konfigurasi bagian file /etc/named.com.local, berikut perintahnya :
root@debian:~# cd /etc/bind
root@debian:/etc/bind# ls
bind.keys db.empty named.conf.default-zones zones.rfc1918
db.0 db.local named.conf.local
db.127 db.root named.conf.options
db.255 named.conf rndc.key
lalu edit file berikut :
root@debian:/etc/bind# nano named.conf.local
isi konfigurasi :
//
// Do any local configuration here
//
// Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your
// organization
//include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918";
zone "nahri.net.id" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.nahri.net.id";
};
zone "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/100.168.192.db";
};
via gambar :
Kopi file db.local dan db.127 ke db.nahri.net.id dan ke 100.168.192.db
Dan ubah localhost menjadi nama domain yang kita buat di file /etc/named.conf.local
Dan ubah alamat ip 127.0.0.1 menjadi alamat ip server ( 192.168.1001 ) berikut perintahnya :
root@debian:/etc/bind# cp db.local db.nahri.net.id
root@debian:/etc/bind# cp db.127 100.168.192.db
file db.nahri.net.id adalah sebagai file dns forward atau merubah nama domain menjadi alamt ip, sedang kan revers dns itu kebalikan dari dns forward.
lalu edit file db.nahri.net.id
root@debian:/etc/bind# nano db.nahri.net.id
isi konfigurasi :
;
; BIND data file for local loopback interface
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA ns1.nahri.net.ids. root.nahri.net.id. (
2 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS ns1.nahri.net.id.
@ IN A 192.168.100.1
@ IN MX 10 mail.nahri.net.id.
ns1 IN A 192.168.100.1
www IN A 192.168.100.1
mail IN A 192.168.100.1
ftp IN A 192.168.100.1
aplikasi IN A 192.168.100.1
Via Image :
edit rever dns berikut perintahnya :
root@debian:/etc/bind# nano 100.168.192.db
Isi Konfigurasi :
;
; BIND reverse data file for local loopback interface
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA ns1.nahri.net.id. root.nahri.net.id. (
1 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS ns1.nahri.net.id.
1 IN PTR nahri.net.id.
1 IN PTR ns1.nahri.net.id.
1 IN PTR www.nahri.net.id.
1 IN PTR mail.nahri.net.id.
1 IN PTR ftp.nahri.net.id.
1 IN PTR aplikasi.nahri.net.id.
Via Image :
Lalu ke file /etc/named.conf.options namun ini sifatnya optional agar permintaan resolving domain dapat di teruskan ke DNS server lain ( Internet ) berikut perintahnya :
root@debian:/etc/bind# nano named.conf.options
Isi Konfiggurasi :
options {
directory "/var/cache/bind";
// If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want
// to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple
// ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113
// If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable
// nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders.
// Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing
// the all-0's placeholder.
forwarders {
8.8.8.8;
};
Via Image :
Ubah resolve DNS
root@debian:/etc/bind# nano /etc/resolv.conf
Isi Konfigurasi :
domain localdomain
search localdomain
#resolve DNS Local
nameserver 192.168.100.1
#resolve DNS Internet
nameserver 192.168.1.1
nameserver 8.8.8.8
Via Image :
restart bind9 berikut perintahnya :
root@debian:/etc/bind# systemctl restart bind9
root@debian:~# ping www.nahri.net.id
PING www.nahri.net.id (192.168.100.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from mail.nahri.net.id (192.168.100.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.036 ms
64 bytes from mail.nahri.net.id (192.168.100.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.051 ms
64 bytes from mail.nahri.net.id (192.168.100.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.056 ms
--- www.nahri.net.id ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2013ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.036/0.047/0.056/0.011 ms
Berikut cara setting DNS di debian server.
